Essay on History of Philosophy - 1225 Words

Until now, I have simply accepted education as it has been presented me, blind to fact that there was any kind of well developed philosophy behind it. After being introduced to the main educational philosophies, perennialism, essentialism, progressivism and social resconstructionism, I have had the opportunity to decide for myself which ones I believe in and why. I must agree with Thomas Locke that we are born into this world a blank slate. Living in such an affluent society, education in America is provided and required of all citizens. Education shapes us; we grow through it and with it as changing circumstances continue to alter the methods by how we are taught and why. It is through our education however, that we learn and grow as†¦show more content†¦I personally believe that while learning concepts and ideas that will always be prevalent regardless of progressing time and that thinking analytically is crucial to personal growth and education, that this is not a practic al approach and certainly not one that every student would benefit from it. Somewhat similar to perennialism, essentialism also focuses on absolutes, believing in a certain knowledge standard, teaching students the fundamentals of math, science, literature, history and language, basically the layout of our days in middle school. Often referred to, as â€Å"back to the basics† essentialism is a dominant approach to American education. Although I disagree with some of the more recent campaigns that have branched from it, such as No Child Left Behind, I do believe that its highly effective and gives students the opportunity to balance their education among the essential â€Å"basics† as well as draw connections between them. It was also discussed that essentialism produces the 2 by 4 students, suggesting a basic education. I believe that learning basics will always be important, I partly believe this because it is how I have been educated and I consider myself to be a w ell-rounded human being with a basic knowledge of the core topics because of it. However, there are some core topics I believe I walked away from with a better understanding of then others and I don’t believe that to be because I wasShow MoreRelatedhistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿History of philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  History of Philosophy (disambiguation). This article  may require  copy editing  for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling.You can assist by  editing it.  (April 2013) Philosophy Philosophers Aestheticians Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Social and political philosophers Traditions Analytic Continental Eastern Islamic Platonic Scholastic Periods Ancient Medieval Modern Read MoreHistory And Philosophy Of Ancient Philosophy1480 Words   |  6 PagesKateryna Stoianova History of Ancient Philosophy Fall 2016 Final Exam – Sec. A (10:00) Question #1 A principle is a fundamental source or basis of something. A principle cannot be proven, because to prove something we have to go back to the basics and principle is basis of everything. Although, what most philosophers seem to be doing to prove the validity of their theories is by showing that if we accept something else as a principle it would make no sense. The Pre-Socratic philosophersRead MoreHistory of Philosophy1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthe readings reoccurring themes, such as religion, wisdom, knowledge, reality and life occur and each philosopher offering their own opinions. Given these works, a timeline of viewpoints can be developed and can give a decent view of the shape of philosophy over time, as well as offering insight to how the time period and location may have shaped the views of philosophers. One of the most surprising themes many of the philosophers had in common was religion. Each viewed it in their own unique wayRead MoreThe Christian Philosophy Of History1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Christian philosophy of history comes from the reading of biblical scripture rather than speculation or a scientific study of the past. The Bible is one text that is common for all Christians despite all the different denominations. 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Though he specialized in the field, building such a system from the ground up is nearly impossibleRead MoreHistory, Philosophy And Miscellaneous Works881 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review Libraries have a long history towards the ancient world as places used to keep important records such as clay tablets, transcripts and many texts. Many records were destroyed in the course of wars or purposely by some rulers with the changes in government. As a result, writing of literature as well as record keeping was encouraged where classification schemes were initiated to preserve those records of all times. The first formal classification was categorizing the writings intoRead MoreEssay about Objectivity In History2118 Words   |  9 PagesObjectivity in History First exposure to history, whether it be at home or at school, will almost certainly be at an age when the child can do no other than expect to be told the truth. So, from the very beginning, whether we find history dull or exciting, easy or hard, we do at least assume that we are being given an accurate account of the past. Our subsequent growing up can be seen as a process of progressively shedding the literal beliefs of early life, from Father Christmas and EasterRead MoreHistory, Mission And Philosophy Of The Organization1052 Words   |  5 PagesHistory, Mission and Philosophy of the Organization or Board of Directors: Founded in 1986, the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, set its goals to advance the science and education of psychiatric or mental health nursing. It was also established to unify this specialty. Currently there are 40 states or local chapters. This organization promotes the health, wellness and recovery of mental illnesses. Their reason for being developed is the expressed in seven core values of empowermentRead MoreHistory, Mission And Philosophy Of The Organization1296 Words   |  6 PagesHistory, Mission and Philosophy of the Organization or Board of Directors: The Association of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses was established in 2006, but was not always known as APHON. Before the title APHON, it used to be just APON because hematology was not included when it was first founded in 1974. APON was established in 1974 when Oncology nurses decided that they needed to have their own association to discuses their research and outcomes with other Oncology nurses fro m around the UnitedRead MoreEssay on History and Philosophy of Science1695 Words   |  7 PagesHistory and Philosophy of Science The world of science, as we know it today, is a difficult subject to grasp. So many new ideas are present and these new ideas are not interchangeable. Some parts do work together although as a whole they don’t fully coincide with each other. The three basic ideas that science is now based upon come from Newton, Einstein, and Hawking. I call these ideas/theories â€Å"new† based on what I classify the state of the scientific community of today. After looking at what

Different Interpretations Of Rework Within The...

LITERATURE REVIEW Rework There are various different interpretations of rework within the construction management literature (Love, 2002a, 2002b; Love and Smith, 2003; Love and Sohal, 2003; Love et al., 2004; Sommerville, 2007). Ashford (1992), for example, defines rework as completing or correcting an item so as to conform to the original requirements, as cited by Love (2002a, 2002b), Love and Smith (2003), Love and Sohal (2003), Love et al. (2004), Hwang et al. (2009) and Love et al. (2009). Alternatively, the Construction Industry Development Agency (CIDA) (1995) defines rework as redoing things at least one more time due to non-conformance to requirements, as cited by Love (2002a, 2002b), Love and Smith (2003), Love and Sohal (2003),†¦show more content†¦For example, according to Love (2002b), when project duration is compressed, the degree of parallelism increases. And there is a limit to the maximum number of activities that can be undertaken concurrently (Hoedemaker et al., 1999, cited in Lov e, 2002b). Beyond this limit, there is a probability of rework occurrence. Predominately this arises due by the complexities of communication of a great deal of tasks undertaken in a concurrent manner (Love et al., 2000a, cited in Love, 2002b). Another instance, Love et al. (2008) identified the ineffective communication of client or end user requirements to the design team as being a significant factor that can contribute to error-induced rework. Specifically, design team members do not understand client or end user requirements, and subsequently commence the design process without communicating their interpretation of what the client or the end user requires to the client or the end user. In most cases, the communication between designers and the end-user is indirect, and tends to be filtered by power and politics in organizations (Lawson, 1980, cited in Love et al., 2008). Alternatively, client representatives may act as the intermediary of information between the client and design consultants so as to provide the client with more

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. Answer: Introduction Healthcare quality management is a critical factor that determines the patients clinical outcomes. The quality management and control is coupled with a number of issues that has both direct and indirect effect on the quality of healthcare. There are many different approaches that have been advanced to explain the healthcare quality management systems. One of the key quality issues in healthcare is the adverse event that also requires careful reporting and good environment to promote accountability. Another critical focus of the quality management within the healthcare system is clinical governance that plays an important in quality control. The following report explores the healthcare quality management and safety within the healthcare system. Deming quality approach is based on leadership management of healthcare setting and is almost similar to Juran approach to quality since Juran also focus on organizational structure especially on the leadership of healthcare. Ishikawa feature uses fishbone diagram to describe the cause of the problem in healthcare and these components of are inter-joined to form the fish skeleton. Ishikawa features include aspects such as leadership, policies and patient, and is compared Deming and Juran since Deming features includes leadership while Juran has an organizational approach (Walshe Boaden, 2006). Despite various similarities in features of these quality improvement theories, there are also various differences between these approaches. Deming mainly focuses on leadership as leading aspect of transforming healthcare system and this is also viewed as a management approach. Juran on the other hand, focus on healthcare organization structure as the main aspect of quality management and improvement. Ishikawa quality improvement approach differs with other quality approaches incorporates other aspects such as patient, processes, and policies (Petr Walter, 2009). The three quality approaches differ with traditional quality management and quality control approach that mainly look into performance and staffs in general. These approaches utilize leadership and organization approach to quality and others approach to focus on patient partnership or patient-centeredness as a way of improving the healthcare system. For instance, some of these approaches use patient partnership as opposed to product quality assessment that is commonly used within the industry to evaluate or monitor quality. Transparency is another approach to these quality management strategies that also differ from those of other industries that only focuses on output quality assessment procedures (Wolff Taylor, 2009). Toyota total production system (TPS) is a system that consists of two main pillars and these are continuous improvement and respect for people. The continuous improvement pillar is further divided into three namely; challenge, improvement, and Genchi Genbutsu (go and see for yourself). The second pillar (respect for people) is further divided into two and these are respect and teamwork. These quality pillars and elements are connected to each other forming a production system or line that is complex but highly managed (Jeffery, 2009). Key pillars that are used to monitor quality within the Toyota quality management system highly based on the foundation of teamwork. Teamwork and respect for people start with respect of team members who are within the similar line as customers. The main quality aspects involve monitoring any errors with products and any slight mistake is not passed to the next team member. This is critical to ensure that end customers do not receive products with a defect. The Toyota quality system assists those team members to raise alarm in case of any defect and the production is halted until the defect is corrected. This, therefore, ensures there are high accuracy and precision in assembling of products at Toyota (Hackman Wageman, 1995). One of the notable reasons for failure with the Toyota quality system that resulted in the recall of a number of Toyota products as noted by President Akio Toyoda is the change of traditional focus on quality. Change of focus by the company from quality priority has made the products that are produced by the company to have many defects leading to recalls. Secondly, another possible reason for quality issues that are witnessed in Toyota over the past few years includes faster production that is coupled with errors. This implies that over the past years Toyota has shifted its focus on high volume of production as compared to quality hence quality has been reduced. For instance, in 1998, Toyota's management set as their target 15% of the global market leading to faster production at the expense of quality (Jeffery, 2009). Healthcare quality refers to the value of the healthcare resources or services provided to patients or clients as measured using health care quality indicators. Healthcare quality in this sense represents a collection of all factors that are used to measure the value healthcare services offers within the healthcare system. Healthcare quality can traditionally measure in terms of performance of staffs based on the healthcare organizational structure set by the health management. The healthcare quality can also be determined based on the patient involvement in care and the healthcare patient outcomes (Chassin Loeb, 2011). Various authors of many healthcare quality management articles consider healthcare quality improvement an important aspect since it determines the quality of service provides to patients. Improving the quality of healthcare help in increasing the safety of patient hence healthcare system gain integrity. The necessary conditions for quality improvement include teamwork and multidisciplinary approach to healthcare, patient-centeredness, open and transparency, accountability and evidence-based practice in healthcare. Firstly, these authors indicate that teamwork and multidisciplinary approach to quality improvement in one condition that assists in raising harmony within work environment a precursor for quality healthcare service. Secondly, patient-centeredness care where the patient is involved in care increases the safety of patient hence high quality of healthcare service. Thirdly, open and transparent approach to healthcare also improves the ability of practitioners to share information with team members which are important for quality of health and low medical errors. Lastly, accountability is another quality improvement condition that applies the value of being accountable for ones action or decision (Krause Hidley, 2009). Adverse events include those untoward medical occurrences that are observed in patients due to administered medication or pharmaceutical products that may not be related to the medication. This implies that adverse event includes any unintended or unfavorable outcome signs, symptoms or diseases that may be associated with investigated medicinal or product administered to the patient. An adverse event can be classified as serious, life-threatening medically important or congenital depending on its most likely effect on the patient (Zhang, Pate Johnson 2008). The commonest types of adverse events According to Marjoua and Bozic (2012), some of the most common adverse events include drug complications, wound infections, technical complications and surgical operations complications. Operational complications account for more than 48% of all adverse events and this is due to surgical wound infections. Secondly, drug complications that result from administered drugs to patients. Wound infections is another adverse event mostly attributed to negligence and technical complication on the practitioners side. Most of the wound infections are associated with the surgical operation and the technically connected to the practice (Stevens, 2013a). I think there are variations across the studies since factors that were used to judge the adverse event also vary. Determination of negligence, for example, requires the establishment of technical complications that are also associated with those practices. Moreover, most of the causes of adverse events arise from more than a single source of complications. Wound infection can sometimes arise from both negligence and is also associated with surgical operational complications (Krause Hidley, 2009). Some of the adverse events are preventable while some of these adverse events are not preventable. Some of the operational complications are deemed preventable due to the nature of these adverse events. For instance, general management, postoperative care, administration of drugs and care at the time of discharge is some surgical procedure that results in adverse events though are preventable. For example, in the study by Neale, Woloshynowych, and Charles (2001) nearly 27% of adverse events are resulting from diagnosis errors. However, there are some other adverse effects that are not preventable such as postoperative complications among elderly patients and organ dysfunction resulting from past poor health conditions. Themes in the Bristol, Bundaberg and one other report Bristol Themes Description 1. Team conflict There was disagreement between surgeons, anesthetists, cardiologists, and managers that resulted in multiple surgical errors that were fatal to patients 2. Poor quality management There were clear quality management and improvement structure that help monitor and assess the quality of service within the healthcare 3. Lack of clinical governance The healthcare lacked clinical governance that could give direction and foster teamwork especially during surgeries Bundaberg 1. Lack of patients safety The healthcare does not care for the patient safety and many admitted patients were at 16% risk of an adverse event 1. Poor clinical governance Poor clinical governance that leads to frustration of healthcare practitioners 2. Poor medical error reporting Adverse event reporting did internally result in that attracted attention of politicians Many of the causal factors that resulted in the adverse event were classified as system issue or individual issues since most of these issues were either resulting from an error committed by an individual health practitioner or by the organizational system. For instance, in the case of Bristol poor clinical governance or lack of quality monitoring structure were causal factors and are purely systems and not the individual. Secondly, the case of Bundaberg involves both individual practitioner and clinical governance that is a system factor. Most of these casual factors are either system or individual factors are associated with either individual or healthcare system (Glickman, Baggett, Krubert, Peterson Schulman, 2007). Most of these hospitals were accredited yet the errors were not identified before accreditation since some of the quality improvement was either not developed at the time or those issues were not there at the time of accreditation. For instance, in the case of Bristol, most quality improvement and monitoring structures were either not developed or the healthcare transformation left quality management structures lacking within the healthcare system. Secondly, in the case of Bundaberg, most of the quality issues were not there at the time of accreditation and later management of quality dropped. Public inquiries are effective in achieving long-term quality improvement within the healthcare system despite some few weaknesses. Firstly, these public inquiries identify the underlying problems within the healthcare of both hospital and healthcare system in general. However, some of the public inquiries are triggered by politicians that bring interference with the hospital management for political reasons. For instance, inquiries into the Bundaberg hospital highly attracted the attention of politicians (Gauld Horsburgh, 2015). Blame free culture is a medical error reporting environment that eliminates blames when reporting errors that are done within the healthcare system. For a long time errors reporting has been difficult owing to the fear of victimization, blames and even suffers as result of reporting an error (Neale Woloshynowych et al, 2001). Therefore many health practitioners have been using words carefully developed to eliminate any blame on health practitioners through the practice has been associated with patient safety issues. Patient within this culture view medical practitioners as untrustworthy and with minimal care for the patient and this ensures that an accountability reporting of medical errors is encouraged among healthcare practitioners (Ker Ker, Edwards, Felix, Blackhall Roberts, 2010). Blame free culture focuses on preventing victimization of the employee while reducing the patient's safety as compared to just culture that balance between accountability and employee fair treatment. Just culture is medical error reporting practice where operators are unpunished for medical errors or decision that are commensurate with the medical experience and training, though where gross negligence is evidence, willful violations and destructive acts are not tolerated. Blame free culture, on the other hand, protect the practitioner from any blame associated with their error action or decisions (Al-Abri Al-Balushi, 2016). It is important to distinguish the two medical error reporting culture since they form part of patient's safety and accountability solution. Firstly, the distinction between blame-free culture and just culture is important since it touches on the healthcare quality and without proper understanding; the two medical environments remain unsafe for most patients. Secondly, an effort to establish accountability culture within the healthcare system, distinguishing the two sets an error reporting environment that has an effect on both healthcare practitioners and their clients. Thirdly, make a distinction between the two medical reporting cultures enable isolation of medical errors done with negligence from those errors done from errors that fallible humans make (Henneman, 2007). Berwick believes that traditional quality controls emphasize on rigid structural quality control measures as compared to the quality real issues of patient safety. Berwick indicates that nursing practitioners, for instance, focus on their own performance and communication as laid out within the traditional organizational structures (Varkey, Reller Resar, 2007). In addition, the traditional quality assurance discourages teamwork leading to blame culture when reporting medical errors or adverse events. Furthermore, traditional health quality management system does not address the preconditions for health quality such as patient safety rather than addressing organizational requirement and practitioners performance (Makary Daniel, 2016). Doctors are to be blamed under traditional quality management system for a number of reasons. Firstly, doctors do not freely share information about errors, hazards and adverse events. This is based on the cause of errors rather than blaming others on who caused the errors as traditional quality management systems work. Secondly, doctors are not open to patients reducing patient safety, especially where there are medical errors. This has adviser effect on the elimination of medical errors that are witnessed in many healthcare systems (Carroll Quijada, 2004). There are many different qualities activities that require open and just culture. Firstly, transparency with the healthcare that allows openly sharing of information is an important aspect of care is it allows practitioners to be accountable through just culture or open. Secondly, multidisciplinary teamwork approach is another healthcare quality improvement or quality management approach that also ensures there is open sharing of information, especially through error reporting. When reporting errors openly medical error are reported and shared without fear of victimization. Thirdly, patient-centered care where patients are partners in care and their decision is used to plan for their care. Involvement of patients in healthcare decisions ensures that there is no blame in case of medical errors (Chassin Loeb, 2011). Evidence-based healthcare is an important approach that works to effectiveness and efficiency in the healthcare services (Sandars Cook, 2007). Firstly, evidence-based practice presents research findings that are used in the treatment of patient thereby improving the quality of clinical patient outcome. This brings better patient experience and patient satisfaction with the services. Secondly, evidence-based practices enable clinical practitioners to apply evidence presented through studies and research finding thus improving healthcare clinical outcomes. Thirdly, evidence-based practice reduces the per capita cost of healthcare since evidence-based practice reduces treatment time and patient clinical time. Evidence-based practice increases client's satisfaction hence clients get value for their cost incurred during treatment (Provonost, Berenholtz, Goeschel, Needham Bryan et al. 2006). Evidence-based practice has some limitation and criticism that brings challenges on the implementation of the practice. Firstly, evidence-based practice suffers from lack of cultural and environmental support that enables implementation of the practice in some healthcare facilities. Secondly, studies show that many healthcare practitioners lack the necessary knowledge on the EBP that help in adoption of the practice in all healthcares (Stevens, 2013). Thirdly, there are many misconceptions about the implementation of EBP due to the time it takes to implement the practice. Fourthly, evidence-based practice is limited in some healthcare due to lack of resources to assist in the implementation of EBP. These resources include lack of budgetary allocation that advances the adoption and implementation of EBP in healthcare settings (Kane Mosser, 2006). Evidence-based practice though is one of the most important health practices that have the capacity to improve quality or effectiveness of clinical healthcare, EBP has some criticisms. Firstly, some of the critics are based on the popularity of EBP in the healthcare system of Australia as some argue that EBP is unpopular within the health system. Secondly, there is some argument that EBP lack advances educational backup that forms the basis of research in EBP making the practice lack credibility among healthcare practitioners. Thirdly, EBP is sometimes believed to use lower-level evidence that does not correspond to current research finding hence prone to errors when used in patients healthcare (Petr Walter, 2009). Domains of Quality Patient Centredness Patient-centered care is currently one of the quality improvement care practice that is coupled with numerous advantages (Cantiello, Panagiota, Shirley Sabiheen, 2016). Firstly, person-centered care approach applies comprehensive care that has the overall benefit of improving the client's clinical outcomes. Secondly, the involvement of patient into self-care has the direct benefit of assisting the patient to better manage their own health and this has an impact on patient wellness. Thirdly, empowering patient through their participation in self-care relieve patient off stress leading to improved health conditions. Fourthly, person-centered care approach appreciates the use of the available clinical resource in patient care (Beach, Saha Cooper, 2006). Some of the benefits of person-centered care for healthcare system or organizational level include improve communication between clinical health practitioners and patient, increase medical adherence, and recognize what is meaningful to the client (Chassin Loeb, 2013). Firstly, person-centered care improves patient-practitioner communication and coordination since the patient is involved in self-care and this has an impact on improves quality of health care. Secondly, person-centered care increase patients adherence to medication a strategy that streamlines patient-healthcare relation resulting in good healthcare outcomes. Adherence to medication is also part of health system requirement and person-centered care allows the use of client's wish to be incorporated into medication procedure. Thirdly, person-centered care allows incorporation of what is meaningful to the client into the decision-making process of the healthcare system (Cochrane, Panagiota, Shirley Sabiheen, 2017). Barriers to person-centered care approach Despite advantages of person-centered care approach to both patient and the healthcare organization, there are some berries to this healthcare practice. Firstly, lack of understanding of multidisciplinary or teamwork among healthcare practitioners and patients hinder applications of person-centered care within the healthcare system. Secondly, strict organizational structures and procedures or protocols restrict implementation of person-centered care approach in healthcare (Glickman et al., 2007). Thirdly, an individuals beliefs and cultural background can act as a barrier to adoption and implementation of person-centered care approach in healthcare. Fourthly, traditional clinical practices that attracted heavy structural development are also a barrier to implementation of person-centered care that requires doing away with these traditional clinical practices. Finally, development of structures and policies that encourage implementation of person-centered care within a healthcare orga nization has been a challenge preventing the adoption of this practice (Donaldson Fletcher, 2006). Clinical governance refers to incorporation both cooperate governance with hospital management to achieve better operations and management of healthcare organizations. This implies that clinical governance applies both professional approaches to quality management and clinical aspect of quality management in healthcare settings (Braithwaite Travaglia, 2008). I think clinical governance is context dependent on the aspect of clinical governance depends on the environment of the healthcare an strategic context. This context nature of the clinical governance allows the establishment of the risk associated and the level of acceptance of risk, management and control measures (Gauld Horsburgh, 2015). There are many barriers to change in clinical governance the organization needs to address. Some of these include lack of commitment, particularly in relation to the number of different organizations and bodies now involved in governance activities, the political environment, inadequate information and reporting systems; ineffective communication; and procedural issues such as timeliness of reporting, ambiguity of roles, and integration of the range of organizational systems (Amalberti, Auroy, Berwick Barach, 2005). I think some of the challenges in achieving changes in clinical governance include stiff organizational structures that need to be dealt with before changing the overall clinical governance. Secondly, many organizations are focusing on a traditional approach to governance at the expense of quality issues that are witnessed with the healthcare systems. Thirdly, external interference, especially from politicians, affects most clinical organizations and this acts as barriers to changing the clinical governance. In addition, lack of commitment to change this clinical governance is another factor that highly influences the changes in most clinical organizational management lack the goodwill to change the governance (Braithwaite Travaglia, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, healthcare quality is an issue that not only affects the healthcare system but also affects the patients clinical outcomes. Healthcare quality lies on the foundation of the organizational structure, professional management, and ethical standards. In addition, healthcare quality management requires strong clinical governance that is coupled with good quality management strategies. Quality management strategies need to consider patients safety, transparency and open sharing of information, especially during adverse event reporting. Therefore, there is need to develop quality management systems that will ensure that all quality management conditions are put in place for the better healthcare quality and outcomes. Reference Al-Abri, R. Al-Balushi, A. (2016). Patient Satisfaction Survey as a Tool Towards Quality Improvement. Oman Medical Journal, 29 (1): 37. Amalberti, R., Auroy, Y., Berwick, D. Barach, P. (2005). Five System Barriers To Achieving Ultrasafe Health Care, Annals of Internal Medicine, 142, pp. 756 764. https://annals.org/aim/article/718374/five-system-barriers-achieving-ultrasafe-health-care Beach, M. C., Saha, S. Cooper, L. A. (2006). The Role And Relationship Of Cultural Competence And Patient-Centeredness In Health Care Quality, The Commonwealth Fund, No. 960 Executive Summary, pp. vi x https://www.commonwealthfund.org/usr_doc/Beach_rolerelationshipcultcomppatient-cent_960.pdf Braithwaite, J. Travaglia, J. F. (2008). An overview of clinical governance policies, practices, and initiatives', Australian Health Review, 32(1): 10-22. https://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_filefile_id=AH080010.pdf Chassin, M Loeb, J. (2013). High-Reliability Health Care: Getting There from Here, Milbank Quarterly, Sep, 91(3): 459490. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3790522/ Cochrane, B. S. Mitch, H., Gino P., John A. K., Marshall, D. A., Brian N. Craig D. (2017). High reliability in healthcare: creating the culture and mindset for patient safety, Healthcare Management Forum, 30(2): 61-68. Carroll, J. S. Quijada, M. A. (2004). Redirecting traditional professional values to support safety: changing organizational culture in health care, Quality, and Safety in Health Care, 13, ii16 ii21. https://qshc.bmj.com/content/13/suppl_2/ii16.full.pdf Chassin, M.R. Loeb, J.M. (2011). The Ongoing Quality Improvement Journey: Next Stop, High Reliability. Health Affairs, 30 (4): 559568. Available at: https://content.healthaffairs.org/content/30/4/559 Cantiello, J., Panagiota, K., Shirley, M., Sabiheen A. (2016). The evolution of quality improvement in healthcare: patient-centered care and health information technology applications. Journal of Hospital Administration, 5 (2). doi:10.5430/jha.v5n2p62 Donaldson, L. J. Fletcher, M. G. (2006). The WHO World Alliance for Patient Safety: towards years of living less dangerously, Medical Journal of Australia, 184(10): S69 S72. Gauld, R. Horsburgh, S. (2015) Healthcare professionals perceptions of clinical governance implementation: a qualitative New Zealand study of 3205 open-ended survey comments, BMJ Open, https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/5/1/e006157.full.pdf Glickman, S. W., Baggett, K. A., Krubert, C. G., Peterson, E. D. Schulman, K. A. (2007). Promoting quality: the health-care organization from a management perspective, International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6): 341 348. Henneman, E. A. (1 October 2007). Unreported Errors in the Intensive Care Unit, A Case Study of the Way We Work. Critical Care Nurse, 27 (5): 2734. Available at: https://ccn.aacnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/5/27 Hackman, J. R. Wageman, R. (1995) Total Quality Management: Empirical, Conceptual, and Practical Issues, Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, pp. 309-342 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2393640 Jeffery, L. (2009). The Toyota Way, which describes the 14 principles of the Toyota management philosophy. You can read about these at https://strategy-insight.blogspot.com/2009/07/toyotas-14-principles-key-success.html (14 principles) and https://strategy-insight.blogspot.com/2009/08/toyota-way-2001.html Kane, R. L. Mosser, G. (2006). The challenge of explaining why quality improvement has not done better, International Journal of Quality in Health Care, 19(1): 8 10. Ker, K. Edwards, P.J., Felix, L.M., Blackhall, K. Roberts (2010). Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD008508. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008508 Krause, T. R. Hidley, J. H. (2009). Taking the Lead in Patient safety, How Health Care Leaders Influence Behaviour and Create Culture, Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Makary, D. Daniel, M. (2016). Medical errorthe third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ. Available at: https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2139 Marjoua, Y. Bozic, K.J. (2012). A brief history of the quality movement in US healthcare. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 5 (4): 265273. doi:10.1007/s12178-012-9137-8 Neale, G.; Woloshynowych, M. Vincent, C. (July 2001). Exploring the causes of adverse events in NHS hospital practice. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94 (7): 32230. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1281594 Petr, C. J. Walter, U. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: a critical reflection, European Journal of Social Work, 12(2): 221-232. Provonost, P. J., Berenholtz C.A. Goeschel D.M. Needham, J. Bryan S.D.A., Thompson L.H. Lubomski J.A. Marsteller M.A. Hunt E. (2006). Creating High Reliability in Health Care Organizations, Health Services Research, 41 (4): 1599 1617. Sandars, J. Cook, G. (Eds) (2007). ABC of Patient Safety, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Stevens, K (2013). The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, Vol. 18, No. 2. https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-2013/Impact-of-Evidence-Based-Practice Stevens, K. (2013a). The Impact of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and the Next Big Ideas, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 18(2). https://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-18-2013/No2-May-2013/Impact-of-Evidence-Based-Practice Varkey, P., Reller, M. K. Resar, R. K. ( 2007). 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Implementation Business Global Managementâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementation Business Global Management? Answer: Introduction: As stated by Lave (2013), risk assessments have always been the best practice for the sake of Business Continuity Management (BCM). Increasing pressure from the existing and potential customers, corporate governance and the insurers have forced the organisations to focus on the business continuity management as a part of their risk management strategy. In the view point of Haimes (2015), business continuity management is all about identifying the part of the business that the organisation cannot afford to lose. These include information, stock, premises as well as the staffs to plan how these particular things can be maintained in case if any incident occurs (Christensen et al. 2016). This particular evaluation report focuses on the implementation of risk assessment as a part of the business continuity management. Global Aerospace Logistics (GAL) has been selected as the organisation for the case study. A detailed analysis of how the organisation focuses on the risk assessment as a p art of their business continuity management shall be carried on in this study. As commented by Aven (2015), with the increasing pressure of improving the productivity and the efficiency of the organisation, there has been less resilience towards coping up with the emergencies and the emerging threats due to a flat organisational structure. The organisations need to pay greater attention in order to understand the critical factors that affect the employees, their families and the communities as well (Harrison 2016). Among all these factors, reputation is another factor that is important to take care of in front of the internal and external stakeholders. As revealed by Covello et al. (2013), good corporate governance always demand an effective and transparent management policy that should be known to all in order to mitigate any kind of risk that might occur at any point of time. Risk assessment and risk management is an established organisational discipline that should become an important agenda of the business. To consider the business continuity management, th ere are many times when risks arises as an event of disruption in the organisation and the management shall be responsible for entire risk assessment and decision making process (Collier and Lakoff 2015). Overview of Global Aerospace Logistics (GAL): Global Aerospace Logistics (GAL) is the Abu Dhabi based subsidiary of the Emirates Defence Industries Company. GAL provides professional aerospace services including aviation maintenance, repair, overhaul and specialized support services by the means of excellent service quality, safety, reliability and value for the customers. The service portfolio includes Engineering and Technical Services, Maintenance and Technical Services, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Components and System Repair, Aircraft Sales and Aviation Consulting and Project Management (GAL.ae 2017). The vision of the organisation is to become the leading organisation by contributing to the defence industry of the UAE by building a new generation of national leaders and by building a prosperous future for the people of UAE that would eventually help them become leaders in the field of aviation services. Their mission is to provide world class services and products supported by highly qualified professionals fulf illing the needs of the customers. GALs top management is highly committed to provide a sustainable high quality service in a responsible way in an injury free, safe and secure manner (GAL.ae 2017). GAL is responsible for promoting a healthy and safety environment at the workplace and believes in investigating and preventing any incident that would harm their safety. Aims and objectives of the study: The aim of the evaluation report is to evaluation of the risk assessment as a part of the business continuity management (BCM), focusing on Global Aerospace Logistics (GAL). The idea is to evaluate the risk assessment processes that can help the organization to find the gaps of implementation and help the implementers to close these gaps and mitigate risks in BCM as best practice. The objectives of the study are: To assess the different risk assessment standards to understand its importance as a best practice to overcome the challenges faced by an organisation To find out the gaps of implementation of the risk assessment To recommend better ways that would help in risk assessment for the business continuity management Rationale of the study: Brindley (2017) commented that a business or an organisation is vulnerable to both internal and external threats. Identifying the potential threats can save an organisation from major disruption to the business operation. Exposure to both internal and external threats has become a serious issue for the organisations. Business continuity and disaster recovery has direct impact on an organisation. The failure of an organisation to address the issue might create downstream impact on the organisation. In order to get things done in a timely manner, it is important to focus upon the critical decisions of the business and agree upon a point that would help them to overcome the problems and issues faced by the organisation (Kapucu and Hu 2016). The increase competition and the increasing level of expectation of the consumers have made it important for the organisations to think about the practice that they could adopt that they do not have to face any kind of internal or external threats (Boin et al. 2016). This study will focus on the evaluation of risk assessment for the business continuity management. In order to do so, the study shall focus on the various risks assessment standards that are adopted by an organisation as a means of best practice to overcome the challenges faced by the organisation. International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) of risk management: ISO 31000 is considered as a family of standards relating to risk management that is codified by the International Organisation for Standardization. The idea is to provide principles and generic guidelines on risk management and assessment (Sylves 2014). ISO 31000 provides a paradigm that is universally recognised among the companies and practitioners in order to replace the myriad of the existing standards and methods that actually differs among the different industries and regions. The purpose of ISO is to be applicable to any public, private and community enterprise or association, group or an individual (Archer 2014). The idea is to provide the best practice structure and guidance to the operations that are directly concerned with the risk management. ISO 31000:2009 provides a generic guideline that actually design, implement and maintain the entire risk management process in an organisation. The scope is to be given to all the strategic, management as well as operational tasks o f an organisation throughout different projects and functions that to be aligned to risk management objectives. In this respect, Hopkinn (2017) highlighted that the ISO is intended to a broader group of stakeholders that include executive level stakeholders, risk analysts and management officers, line managers and project managers and the individual practitioners as well. As pointed out by Lam (2014), that by using ISO 31000 an organisation is likely to achieve its objectives and improve the identification of the opportunities and any kinds of threats and they shall be able to actively allocate and use the resources needed for treating the risk. Most importantly, this particular standard provides guidance for the internal and the external audit program. Any organisation can easily compare their risk management practices with any internationally recognised benchmark and come up with a sound principle for the sake of effective management and corporate governance (Sadgrove 2016). This standard is aligned with a sequence of steps that supports the continuity of improvement and overcome any risk. ISO proposes four steps to the risk assessment. These are; designing a risk management framework, implementation, monitoring and reviewing the risk assessment plan and a continual improvement based on the changes that need to be done in order to remain effective i n the business (Bromiley et al. 2015). Fig: Steps of risk assessment (Source: Bromiley et al. 2015) The scope of implementing the ISO standard is to provide generic guidelines for the design, implementation and the maintenance of the complete risk management process throughout the particular organisation. The scope of this management is to align with a set of common risk management objectives that enable all strategic, management and the operational tasks of an organisation (Kadar 2014). National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Management Authority (NCEMA): NCEMA provides a Business Continuity Management Standard that helps in building the capability of an organisation that it continues its function and deliver its prioritised activities if the companys operations are disrupted due to certain emergency or crises (Spremic et al. 2013). The authority is responsible for the stability of the country and the disaster management as a part of the business continuity management standard designed in 2012. The aim was to enhance the standard with the international standard by sensing best practices and guidelines. According to Pritchar (2014), this particular standard, guidelines and toolkit have been developed in order to build the entities systematically to build the business continuity capability during or after any kind of disaster occurred in an organisation. The ultimate aim of this initiative is to ensure that the ongoing performance of prioritized services and functions in case of both private and public sector should enhance the national stability of UAE (Watanabe 2014). In case of any risk faced by the government entities and its private sector partners, the aim is to handle the emergencies and the crises in a well coordinated manner that would help to recover the situation in the right way. McNeil et al. (2015) pointed out an important thing in this respect that it depends on the nature of the business, its size and complexity based on which the top management of an organisation shall maintain the continuity plan, crisis and the incident in order to come up for an emergency response plan. Fig: The Business Continuity Action Model (Source: Bahr 2014) The purpose of the business continuity management is to improve the capability of the organisation and help in continuing the essential functions and services during or after an emergency that could have a potential disruption over the business (Bahr 2014). The business continuity management for the government of UAE or the local governments of the emirates is to maintain a continuity of the prioritized activities in both the public and private sector. The main objective is to secure supply chain required for the purpose of business continuity and set up effective business continuity plan in order to deliver prioritized activity when there is any emergency (Caselli et al. 2016). The idea is to remain prepared in a planned and controlled manner and develop proactive business continuity at the federal and local levels in UAE in both the public and private sectors. The legislative and the licensing body can even establish certain further specifications to ensure safety and security in o rder to promote the nations security. British Standards Institution (BSI): The British Standard Institution or BSI group marks technical standards on a wide range of products and services and produces technical standards on them. It also supplies certification and standard related services to the businesses (Ko et al. 2016). This group operates in more than 182 countries and the core business remains standard related services and earns its revenue from management systems assessment and certification works. BSI is the business standard company that helps the organisations to make excellence a habit when it comes to delivering products or services. As commented by Rausand (2013), for more than a century, the products and services have been challenging the mediocrity and the complacency in order to embed excellence in the way people and products work. The idea is to show how a business can perform better by reducing risk and achieve a sustainable growth in the following years of the business. Implementing risk assessment as the best practice, and challenges faced by an organisation: As stated by Sadgrove (2016), risk assessment is done in two major steps. The primary step is to identify the source of the risk that helps to identify the actual variables that cause the risks; and secondly, the risk needs to quantify using mathematical calculations that would help to understand the risk profile of the instrument. As argued by Halford (2016), depending on the general framework of risk identification, different techniques can be applied depending on different situations, products and instruments. Several practitioners believe that risk assessment should be the priority of an organisation as it enables one to identify the exposures to risks and issues and help them to mitigate certain issues to reduce the threats to the organisation (Reuter 2015). The purpose of the risk assessment is to establish a priority that the most serious risk can be easily identified and it can be addressed first because the aim of the management should always focus on reducing the risk to an acceptable level. Effective program in an organisation to overcome the risk can ensure business continuity management and help to maintain a particular capability within an organisation (Folkers 2017). In order to maintain the capability, it is important to suggest or nominate an individual who shall be responsible for undertaking certain programs in order to maintain the risks in an organisation. Olson and Wu (2015) revealed various ways of fighting against the risks in an organisation. Typically, the objective of risk assessment is to evaluate all types of risks and rank them according to their impact and probability. For any kind of damage to the physical objects or the equipments, insurance is a better option for overcoming any kind of risk but there are other risk factors as well that can occur in an organisation and it might cause great trouble (Sahebjamnia et al. 2015). The idea of business continuity management is focused on keeping the organisation working even if there is disruption of any event. Risk assessment will consider all the threats that an organisation can face and that can affect the organisational program. The idea of risk assessment as the best policy to be undertaken for an organisation is to provide a safer environment for the employees to work in the particular organisation. Risk assessment can cover a wide range of risks depending on the type of acti vity carried on in the organisation (Koen et al. 2016). Recognising a particular area that would help in overcoming the overall risks that an organisation can face is the main idea behind the risk assessment. Assessing the risk requires certain approaches that would fit all kinds of ineffective issues in an organisation. In order to be sure about the upcoming plans of the organisation, it is advisable to review the documents and the business plan that the organisation has future plans with (Xing and Jio 2016). Area of investigation: In order to carry out the risk assessment plan, there are certain areas that need to be investigated first, so that the assessment can be carried on in a better way. In the view point of Torabi et al. (2014), the primary thing of risk assessment is to record the things that might cause certain risks to the particular organisation. In order to do so, it is important to record the significant findings like the hazards that might harm people. In order to keep a record of the risk assessment procedure, it is important to carry out paperwork and communicate and manage the risks in the business (Jrvelinen 2013). For instance, it can be said that Global Aerospace Logistics might face risks in terms of health and safety of the employees because they have to work with complete dedication in order to support the government and private customers locally and regionally. The aim of the organisation is to provide sustainable high quality services and products in an injury free, safe, secure and re sponsible way that would have minimum impact on the environment (Lam 2014). In order to achieve this particular aim, it has been evident that GAL has implemented a company-wide IMS policy and the organisation is completely committed to comply with the legislation and the operational standards in force (Torabi et al. 2014). In doing so, the organisation follows the legislation and the operational standard in force that include the Abu Dhabi EHS Policy and the Sector Regulatory Authority EHS Policy. In the view point of Jarvelainen (2013), the identification and recording risk needs to follow a number of steps. These are: Identification of the hazards: Anything which might cause harm to the workforce and has possible physical, mental, chemical and even biological hazards need to be identified. For example, lifting of heavy objects, slippery floor, poor condition of machines are some physical hazards; while over time at work, workplace bullying create mental pressure on the employees (Torabi et al. 2014). On the other hand, the workplace might be infected with certain disease causing germs that would result in some biological problems as well. Deciding who might get harmed: It also falls on the responsibility of the management to find it out who might be more affected in an organisation. For instance, the employees who are responsible for repairing the parts of the aircrafts are more prone to get injured than those who are responsible for other kinds of jobs. So focus should be made on them who are more prone to injury (Olson and Wu 2015). Quality check and management is an important part of responsibility for GAL. The organisation is fully committed to assure integrated and quality standard to the clients, partners and other stakeholders. Thus, they have a team of investigators who are continually at their work and take feedback from both the internal and external stakeholders for the sake of continual improvement. Assessing the risk and take prime action: It might happen that even after taking all kinds of precautions, the employees are faced with certain hazards. It is then important to assess the situation and find out the cause of the risk (Halford 2016). Based on the findings, correct actions can be taken. It has also been evident that if they face any kind of risk, they always focus on overcoming the issues and take prime action in doing so. Keeping a record of the findings: Based on the assessment, it is important to record the findings so that the same information can be used for the future and the level of risk can be mitigated to certain extent (Bahr 2014). Keeping a record is a necessary measure that the authority undertakes in order to encourage others to improve their quality, health and safety. Reviewing the risk assessment: Lastly, when all the things are done, it is important to take a note of the overall findings and review the measures and instructions that have been found in the overall risk assessment. Gap in implementation of risk: At the time of risk assessment, there might be certain gaps that hinder the overall process of the risk assessment. In such cases, it is important to identify those gaps so that the management could build up a bridge in order to overcome the gap. The most common gap faced during the risk assessment is the leadership approach. The leader is the one who is accountable for the complete decision making (Aven 2015). It happens that the right people do not make the right judgement and the organization as a whole has to suffer. Secondly, there might be lack of meaningful risk assessment program. The authorities responsible for assessing the risk also lack the meaningful assessment process. A meaningful process of the risk assessment based on the goals and objectives of the organisation needs to be set up. As commented by Xing and Zio (2016), comparing the different approaches to be undertaken for a particular matter actually helps to overcome the gap in the assessment of risk. Sometimes, it also happens that the action taken against a risk is not communicated to people and the overall attempt fails due to lack of proper communication. Risk mitigation planning, implementation and monitoring the progress is another important part of the risk assessment process. In order to mitigate the risks, primarily the requirements of the project should be clear that it would be feasible for everyone to understand the situation and that better actions can be taken (Covello et al. 2013). Next, it is important to come up with the right team who shall be responsible for taking care of the overall risk assessment program. Communicating the overall risk management approach is the most vital part of risk mitigation (Brindley 2017). Not only communicating but in addition to this, it is also needed to take the feedback from the people. Comparing the feasibility of the application of the particular concept and then using the same approach for risk mitigation is the best suitable way. Data collection methods: The evaluation report has been written with the help of both secondary and primary data. For the secondary analysis, the existing information related to the risk assessment has been used. For the primary data, qualitative approach has been undertaken. Three important managers of GAL have been interviewed with a set of predefined questionnaire where they were asked how risk assessment is carried on in their organisation. The research philosophy used for this report is interpretivism where the findings and the analysis of the report has been made on the basis of the perception of the managers of the organisation (Koen et al. 2016). However, it has to be mention that a detailed analysis of the risk assessment strategies has also been carried out in order to interpret the topic in a logical manner. In case of research approach, deductive approach has been used where the data collected from the managers by the means of interview has been taken under consideration for the overall findings (Glesne 2015). In the complete report, there has been no use of theories and models of risk assessment and so deductive approach has not been undertaken in this case. Again, the exploratory research design has been selected for the purpose of evaluating the outcomes of the findings. By the means of this research design, the aspect of the managers of the organisation can be known and the analysis can be done in a better way (Taylor et al. 2015). As mentioned, interview procedure has been selected in order to get acknowledged about the actual way the risk assessment is carried out in the organisation. Non-probability sampling technique has been selected for interviewing the managers. In order to analyse the qualitative data collected by the means of interview, a thematic approach has been undertaken. Ethical approach has been undertaken and the consent of the managers was taken for interviewing them (Matthews and Ross 2014). None of them were forced to respond and they were asked to sign the consent form. Data collected from the qualitative analysis: Three managers of the Global Aerospace Logistics have been interviewed and they have been asked to describe about their experience when they carry out risk assessment for their organisation. A collective response collected from the respondents can be evaluated here: Description: All the managers were very concerned about the safety and security of the workforce working for the purpose of repairing the aircrafts. According to the respondents, the workers have to work with great concern when it comes to their work and there always remain the risk that they would get hurt or injured. Therefore, the main concern of risk is related to the health and safety of the workers working in the organisation. One of the managers in fact shared an event when a worker was moulding a part of the aircraft and had to use certain instruments and equipments. During his work, the employee had great injury in his hand due to mishandling of the tools and the equipments. This was the time, when the necessity of risk assessment was felt. Feelings: All the respondents were part of this organisation for a long time and they were well aware of the several incidents that took place in the organisation. On discussing the matter on health and safety concern, it has been known that all of them were deeply saddened because the incident that took place could have been prevented if proper precautions were taken beforehand. In this respect one of the respondents even mentioned that it should be the primary responsibility of the management and the authorities to carry out the risk assessment than the workforce do not have to suffer. That particular incident created a stir among the managers and it was felt that one should be careful in carrying out the risk assessment. Evaluation: When asked about the safety standards that need to be followed as a part of the organisational safety standard, it was known from one respondent that they consider the organisational standard as an important part in the risk assessment process. The experience taught the employees a lesson. They have understood that they should be more careful towards the organisational operations and safety measures. The worker immediately got medical help but there is no doubt that the person had to suffer due to carelessness of the organisation. Conclusion: There were definitely many other ways that could have been adopted in order to avoid the situation that resulted in the losing the safety of the workers. The safety standards could have been used and proper precautions could have been taken. In fact, it falls under the responsibility of the organisation to think about the workers and take necessary action that would actually help them to remain free of any kind of worry and tension regarding their health and safety issues. Action plan: After the incident, the managers became more concern towards the health and safety of the workers. It has also been evident that there are certain gaps that the management faces at the time of carrying out the risk assessment and the major concern is to overcome these gaps. In response to the actions that they could take in future for the purpose of better risk assessment, it has been found that they would recruit a better team who shall be responsible for taking care of the overall risk assessment of the organisation. In addition to this, they shall also involve the workforce of the organisation for the major decisions. Taking feedback from the employees at a regular interval is another important step that they would undertake in order to improve the current situation. Findings and analysis: The detailed investigation made in this report on evaluation of risk assessment implementation of business continuity management has made it clear that there are certain standards that have been set by different governmental and non-governmental bodies. These standards clearly made it evident that the organizations should consider risk assessment as a part of their organizational objectives in order to focus on the business continuity management. GAL provides all kinds of services including repairing and maintenance of the aerospace services. An organization has been facing both internal and external threats and risks might come from any point. It might be related to health and safety of the workers or it might also be related to the economy of the organization. However, there can be serious ways by which the risk can be assessed and the same can be mitigated as well. The international organization of standardization or the ISO of risk management provides the principle guidelines on the risk assessment. This standardization is applicable to both public and private sector organizations and it provides a better guideline that can be followed in order to overcome any kind of risk that might take place in an organization. In fact, the project managers and the practitioners can actually use this particular framework to evaluate the various risks that can occur in an organization. There are certain stages in the complete risk assessment plan and one needs to follow them in order to carry out risk assessment in an organization. The National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Management Authority also look at the capability of an organisation and its disruption that it faces at times. It has been observed that the authority is responsible for the overall disaster management and there is a systematic approach on dealing with the challenges faced by the organis ation. The aim is to come up with the approach that the work of the organisation goes on without any hindrance. There are different capabilities for different types of organisation and the risks vary accordingly. Most importantly, there are different standards for different types of organisation as well. The British Standard Institution is another mark that is also used to signify the standards of a business. This standard helps a business to mark its standard in terms of the product or service offered by the organisation. It is when this mark is found, the risk is reduced to a great extent. It has also been found that implementing risk assessment is the best practice that an organisation can undertake in order to overcome any barrier in its business activities. It is only when an organisation focuses on reducing the risk, the chances of business management continuity increases. There are various reasons for which it becomes very important to assess risks. It is important to protect any physical equipment or save the employees from any kind of hazards. It is only when there remains the security of safety measures, the employees and the workforce can consider it to be a better place to work and would work with better dedication. In addition to this, business continuity management is an equally important part for the continuity of the business and that can be achieved by the means of the better risk assessment strategy. With the qualitative analysis, it has been evident that there are many situations when the organisation has to face risks and the management is responsible for the risk assessment. The major risk associated with the occupation of this particular organisation is related to the health and safety of the workforce. It has been found that there are many instances when the employees might have to face risk due to poor health and safety measures. It should be the prime responsibility of the organisation to consider better ways that would help the workforce to overcome the risk that they face while they work. In fact, the managers are also concerned with the increasing risk that the workforce might have to face. In order to combat against the increasing risk, the management has come up with the approach of including a new group of people who shall be responsible for analysing the risk and managing the overall organisational condition. The organisation has been working on the safety and preca ution of the aerospace services but at times, it has failed in providing the safety and precaution to the workforce working in the organisation. Although the organisation follows the standard of the safety measures, there needs to be better check made on the regular work that the organisation is engaged in. If these things are checked properly then the overall functions of the organisation will improve and the work culture will improve to greater extent. Conclusion A detailed analysis of the evaluation of risk assessment implementation for business continuity management has been carried on in this report. The aim of the report was to anlayse the different standards that are used by different organisations in order to overcome the risks and challenges faced by an organization. The different standards have been discussed and it has been rightly observed that the organization in UAE uses various international standards in order to carry out the risk management in their organization. GAL has been using various standards as well and has been carrying out risk assessment as a part of their organizational activities. The ISO standard could be considered as the most important benchmark that the organization can undertake in order to improve their work culture. For every organization there should be certain guidelines that the organization needs to follow. This would automatically reduce the number of accidents and create a better and secure place for t he workforce to work. The organization has been successful to great extent but there are still opportunities for improving the situation. The other objective of the report was to find out the gaps in the implementation of risk assessment. In this respect, it shall be mentioned that good leadership approach could be one of the major reason that creates gap. Other important issues include lack of proper approach undertaken by the organization. In order to recommend certain better ways to improve the business continuity management, certain recommendations have been proposed here. Recommendations: In order to carry out the risk assessment in a proper way, certain recommendations can be made. Conducting voluntary risk assessment: It has been evident that the organisation carries out the risk assessment based on the laws and regulations that are meant for particular business activity. However, the intensity and type of risk might vary from one organisation to the other; this is the reason that an organisation should always consider conducting voluntary risk assessment in the particular workplace. The management should have a flawed attitude and should consider that all kinds of risks are business risks and they should deal with these risks to minimise any kind of ill effect over the organisation. Using a well designed risk assessment form: It is a wise decision to come up with a list or plan of risk assessment that should be followed by the management of the organisation in order to proceed with the risk assessment is a well prepared way. This way, the risk assessment will be prone to lesser human error and the assessment can be completed more quickly. Identifying the workplace specific risks: As mentioned, the risks might vary from one organisation to other but one should be effective enough to understand the potential areas in the organisation where there are greater chances of risk. Identifying the specific risk is important and working on the same will fetch better result in overcoming the risks that the organisation might face. Involving the internal personnel: The wisest decision of overcoming the risks of the particular organisation is by involving the internal personnel of the organisation in overcoming the issues. There is no doubt that the internal people would be more aware of the necessary steps that could be taken for the sake of overcoming any issue faced by the organisation. Seeking the input of the internal people will help in better risk assessment form. Moreover, the internal people will adapt to the changes more easily than others and that they can come up with better measures than others. Heeding risk assessment and not just keeping it aside: The management should also be responsible for heeding the risk assessment and think of better and sufficient safety measures to identify any kind of hazards or issues that can occur at any point of time. It is when the organisation will always remain ready for any kind of risk; it can overcome any issue that might occur in the organisation. References: Archer, C., 2014.International organizations. Routledge. Authority, C.A.S., 2014. Business Continuity Management. Aven, T., 2015. Implications of black swans to the foundations and practice of risk assessment and management.Reliability Engineering System Safety,134, pp.83-91. Bahr, N.J., 2014.System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC Press. Boin, A., Stern, E. and Sundelius, B., 2016.The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure. Cambridge University Press. Brindley, C. ed., 2017.Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. 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Batman as Vigilante Essays (342 words) - Fictional Characters

Jessie Hoang HUMA 1301.208 Batman as a Vigilante Batman has always been known to be a hero who tends to take laws into his own hands to ensure the safety of the citizens of Gotham city when he felt that the system had failed them . He does not stand by and wait for consent and approval to do so from anyone as well as authoritatively reports to no one. When an issue occurs, he immedi ately arrives to the incidence and resolves the undesirable situation. Most of the time, Batman is often viewed and characterized by the higher authorities as a persona non grata and a danger to the society. For example, in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight, Jim Gordon explains to his son the reason why Batman must be chased and captured by the police. So is Batman a vigilante? It genuinely depends on which comic or movie we are discussing. When he is permitted by the authorities and law enforcement, Batman is an authorized and legal crime fighter. However, in the Dark Knight Returns, he, himself, is a criminal by unla wfully fighting crimes because his parents were killed, and that would automatically make him a vigilante. This point was also proven by Greg Garrett's "Vigilante Justice" when he said, "Superman has been the noblest embodiment of right, fueled not by a personal quest for revenge (like Batman) but by the responsibility to use his power for greater good ." Garrett described Batman as a "fearsome Dark Knight Detective" and used him to create contrast with Superman. According to Garrett, "if Superman represents the light and reason, the positive possibilities of extralegal justice, Batman is the dark side." People who have viewed the Dark Knight Returns all have dozens points of view on Batman. Many spectators believe Batman is an intimidating and terrifying scoundrel who drags justice through the gutter. An example of this would be when Lois Lane tells Batman that he is his own enemy by saying " you immerse yourself in mystery and superstition You delibera tely scare people."

The Problems of Abortion in Modern Society

The Problems of Abortion in Modern Society Abortion refers to termination of pregnancy through the expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus resulting to its death (Boonin, 2003). It may occur spontaneously as a result a complication during pregnancy â€Å"miscarriage† or may be induced through other means by use of drugs by a specialist. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problems of Abortion in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Practicing unsafe abortion has led to the death of approximately 70,000 women globally and almost 5million disabilities recorded yearly (James, 1998). In order to minimize the tragedies resulting from unsafe abortion, the parties such as the woman should access therapeutic advice from a special doctor before carrying out the activity (Zastrow, 2005). Several groups such as religious ,civil society and governments consider the act of abortion as illegal since it denies the fetus its right to life and the refore calls for the enactment of laws to regulate the relationship between the mother and the fetus (Zastrow, 2005).However, some countries such as United States of America enacted laws to legalize abortion and calls for its implementation by a specialist (James, 1998). Due to serious impacts to the society, physicians have ethical principles to carry out abortion under the following circumstances stated by the law governing a country and for the societal benefits(Zastrow, 2005). To start with, the physician may conduct abortion to protect the mother’s life especially when endanger due to diseases such as kidney, hypertension and severe diabetes among others (James, 1998).The diseases may threaten the life of the mother and may result to her death if the doctor fails to intervene the woman must be consulted before the action is executed. In addition, termination could done to protect the woman from permanent injury that may further lead to mental or physical health of the w oman (Zastrow, 2005).The mental problems could result from the woman’s emotional attachment to the pregnancy as well as conservative views in regard to the societal perspective on abortion thus making the woman develop low self esteem . Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Protecting mothers life is based on the premise that â€Å"a woman is more than a fetus† which has however been rejected by religious and philosophical groups that recognize fetus as living human being with rights similar to others (Zastrow, 2005). Similarly, the society permits physicians to perform abortion due to uncontrolled number of women going for it through hidden ways. The laws prohibiting abortion fail to apply especially when a woman feels it’s absolutely necessary making the go for abortion conducted without medical care and under dangerous conditions exposing them to more harmful conditions (James, 1998). This was proved in United States two decades before its legalization in which almost one million women had participated in illegal abortion leading to the death of many of thousands of them (Zastrow, 2005). In addition, the physician has a legal principle to conduct abortion if there is a reasonable risk in the life of the fetus likely to result into serious physical or mental handicaps (Boonin, 2003). The problems could result from health complications developed while the fetus is still in the womb giving the physician an ethical principle to protect the fetus from future frustrations through abortion (Boonin, 2003). Moreover, it is ethical for a physician to perform abortion in order to reduce the number of young girls who might be forced to become parents at lower age such as before fourteen years when most of them are not capable of taking care of the children since they lack required resources since most of them are school-going and jobless hence inc apable of raising families in hopelessness and dependency(James, 1998). Lastly, it is ethical for a physician to carry out abortion incase the woman is impregnated through rape or forceful intercourse resulting to unwanted pregnancy (Boonin, 2003).In this case the woman is exempted from protecting pregnancy that might result into painful memories after the birth of the child. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problems of Abortion in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, since the society does not care for the unloved, brutalized and abandoned these children are exposed to rejection when they grow up, making them develop brutal behaviors against others in the society (James, 1998). In conclusion, several groups, societies, scholars and even philosophers have argued condemning abortion as an act that denies fetus its right to life (Zastrow, 2005). They claim life begins at conception hence even fetus should be protected against any activity likely to terminate this right. However, due to continued world catastrophes, the society permits physicians to conduct safe abortion that would safeguard the life of the mother which could be at risk due to the presence of the fetus (Boonin, 2003). Reference List Boonin .D. (2003).Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems .New York: St. Martins Publishers. James, R. (1998).Abortion: statutes, policies, and public attitudes the worldover‎.LosAngeles: Prentice Hall. Zastrow.C. (2005).Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment .New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.

Successful Business Venturer Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Successful Business Venturer - Personal Statement Example foresightedness or vision as Silbiger suggests. To do this, one has to have a good grasp of the total environment both internal and external, where his/her business operates. Thus, one has to be a wide-reader and must be always abreast of the developments and changes around him to foresee and anticipate what is yet to come. He must realize that these changes would have an effect on his business one way or the other. Likewise, in any endeavor -- be it personal or professional -- commitment is very much important. Coupled with strong will and desire to do a particular task no matter what, is a sure key to success in business. Because through commitment, one gives not only his time and effort but the entire being of the person to ensure that a particular venture is accomplished. This in turn, develops trust from clients and co-members of the organization. Another characteristic needed is management skills of which communication and persuasion are very much related. Management and leadership studies always underscore the importance of clear and respectful communication within business organizations. Persuasion that is achieved through effective communication is important for businesses in dealing with their clients/customers as well. I believe all these three traits are present in me.